Development of New University Sports facility

Development of New University Sports facility 1.0 Introduction Before the day, the sport is no more joining by the students because they put most of the effort to their class study, and the sport facilities only was important to the minority of applicants who hoped to play in university teams. Although the sport not making interest for student to join at pass time, but nowaday, that has changed, many student was take part in regular physical activity since the benefit of healthy was attach important now. So a University was require the University sports executive in relation to their project for developing a new University Sports facility. The executive is impressed with most of the work that has been done but has concerns about the viability of the project. It has a problem that these students who study in University may use other facilities nearer their home rather than join the new University facility, because more of them live at home than University hostel. This problem may make University bear a high expensive because of lack of member going join their new sport facibility, so they need to investigate a potential secondary segment of clients for the sports facility other than the full-time students for incerease their revenue to recover the high expensive. For this goal, the University sport executive need to make a reseach or report of detail and justification of secondary segment, the specific macro environmental issues in the market which will bring the opportunities or threats. Beside that, the promotion and offering of the new University Sports facility is need to plan for attract the new member from outside of the University and also giving a reasonable price to new member for this new University Sports facility . 2.0 Content 2.1 Detail and justification of the secondary segment Since the University worry about there may lack of their student to joining their new University sport facilities, so they wish can aim to the second segment to rises thier revenue for it.The second segment is target to the ppl who are age 38-56 years old, adult.This is target to the person who are on the way to retire or already retired. This kind of people are very take care for thier healthy at life after their retire and the following life, and since they were reaching a high salary with working many year for their company.So, they willing to pay for the product or service that can improve their healthy. The new University sport facilities can satisfying their need and provide the profesional coach to train thier strenght and health by teach them using the new sport facilities to exercise. 2.2 Macro environmetal Issue The company and all of the pther actors operate in a larger macroenvironment of forces that shape opportynities and pose threats to the company.(Kotler,Armstrong 2004) The macroenvironment include demographic environment, economic environment, natural environment, technological environment, political environment, and cultural environment. Demography refers to the study of the human populations in terms of size, age, race, occupation, density, location, and density. It is very important to undestand the demographic environment because it is very helpful in deivide the human populations into the market segment and how they going target into which market. For example, according to the born of the years,we can saw there have 3 generations before this, such as baby boomers, who are born between 1946 and 1964, generation X, who are born between 1965 and 1976, and generation Y, who are born between 1977 and 1994. The generation of the baby boomers are the larger number of this 3 generation. So if the marketing segmatation can include this generation and that may bring a high revenue for the market because they are become mature nowaday and getting a stable job and may reaching they higher income earning in this many year they work before. They would like to spend and making purchases when thier income is getting high than ot her new generation. According to all of this, they also treat their healthy very important because of the larger age and willing to pay for their health care, so if the new Universitiy sport facibilities can segment to this generation and it will bring a opportunities for the University. Economic environment refer what is the way that make the potential consumer would like to make purchases and willing to pay for the products or services. Change in major economic variables such as income, cost of living, interest rates , and savings and borrowing patterns have a large impact on the marketplace.(Kotler,Armstrong 2004) For example, if the personal income of every worker is rising then their purchasing power will increasing and would like to make payment for the products and services, it is provide opportunities to market. In other hand, if the economic fall down and getting bad,such as increasing of the unemployment rates, then the money will be hold by the consumer to survive and reduce the purchasing power. Natural environment is about the natural resources that a company uses as inputs and the possible of their marketing activities may cause pollution to the natural or no. Threat for this enviroment will bring to the firm or company when their marketing activities are increasing the pollution, cause the shortages of raw materials seriously and increasing governmental intervention because of the complaint from the public sector. All of this will affect the companys reputation and make it hard to getting their goal or mission because the intervention of the government to their business activities. The technological environment is one of the fastest changing factors in the macroenvironment and no one can ignore this. That is very important to understand the changes of technological because competitors will exploit it sooner or later, with implications for your product and its market. (Brassington, Stephen) Technological advance in a company can help and give opportunity for them to create the new markets and new uses for products and maximum their profit in market. Another advantages that getting technological in advance are can negotiating the right of the skill or technological right and development of the marketable product with successful from it before the competition. The political environment is strongly affect the marketing decisins and it include the laws and regulation set by the government that limit the business action in social. That is very important for the company to be aware of these restrictions in this market.It always cause the threat for the company since the law and regulation often limit thier activities and they need to making decision for a long time period to fulfill in the right situation. 2.3 Outline of the new university sport facilitiess offer The benefits that the new university sport facilities going to offer to the member can attract the interest of the people to join whether the main objective of it is improvement of healthy. The offer provided just is a activity that influece and increase the motivation of them to join the new universitiy sport facilities. Here are the offers that provide to the new members: Bonus for introduce of new member Lastest model of sport facilities provided Free professional coach teaching Security Free safety insurance Free try for a day Discout of member fees 2.4 Pricing strategy In this new University sport facilities, the amount of the fees to the new member is very important because it may decide how many people willing to join depend to the price. The pricing strategy that use must satisfying the consumer need and enable to pay from every one. The market-penetration pricing can using for it and it is setting a low price with provide high quality of the product and service. It bring advantages to attract larger amount of the consumer to join and also gain larger market share. The lower price setting also can bring the opportunity to consumer to choose the new Universities sport facilities as their first choice. In other hand, it also will have the threat that seeting the lower price.Some of the consumer will treat the lower price will just provide the low quality product or service and they may no willing take risk to try, so in this case, it is need to making communication with them for provide the clearly information from the promotion.

Projects Closure

Closing a Project Projects are by definition, temporary endeavour with commencement and ending periods. Wysocki (2012) identified project closure as the fifth process group in PMLC where the final product derived from the project is presented to the client according to specifications. The question of â€Å"how well did you do? † will be answered when client approves of the output, asset/output gets installed, audit tests post-implementation status and a final report submitted.The client’s acceptance of a project deliverable is a very important milestone as it sets in motion a key activity called â€Å"closure† which effectively brings to an end the project life cycle. (Wysocki, 2012) also identified closing a process that involves the following milestones: i. Getting client acceptance ii. Ensuring that all deliverables are installed iii. Ensuring that documentation is in place iv. Getting client sign-off on the final report v. Conducting post-implementation audit vi. Celebrating the successClient Acceptance – As a key trigger for project closure and a major milestone to every PM, client acceptance signifies that project output meets specifications and thus, brings to an end the â€Å"temporary endeavour† called project. At this stage, the project deliverables are reviewed and a verdict is passed by the client. This can be via a formal acceptance test procedure (ATP) between the client and the project team where the project team demonstrate key features of the project to confirm clients expectations while the client keeps a checklist to ensure compliance with scope equirements. In NLNG project closure procedure requires a thorough user acceptance test (UAT) with the project sponsors and end/super-users meeting the project handling firm before a project is declared closed. Client acceptance can also be informal for small projects that require just datelines or a few deliverables in place. A brief hand-over ceremony or a communic ation to the client by the PM is good enough. Most community development projects in NLNG do not require a formal UAT.Installation of Project Deliverables – After UAT project outputs/deliverable are installed and a â€Å"go-live† is declared. Installation of project outputs according to Wysocki (2012, 314 – 315) can take any of the four approaches viz; phased, cut-over, parallel or by business-unit. Phased installation as the name implies, takes bit-by-bit installation of project deliverables in a specific order. Company-wide re-organisation projects are likely examples here.Cut-out installation replaces an old system with a new one after the new system is tested in a test environment. Most upgrade project are installed using this approach. Parallel installation requires the new deliverables installed while the old is still running. This is referred to as â€Å"parallel run† in IT projects as it permits a comparative study of the two systems. By-business unit installation is where project deliverables are spread around business units that may necessarily be in one location.Project documentation – Young (2010) noted that project documentation involves Project Closure Report, Post Implementation Review Report and data archiving that will be used to measure project’s success in term of outcomes as defined at the early planning stage. Project documentation serves to keep track of the project schedules, records of estimates of key project inputs, UAT activities and how the changes were managed, challenges and key learning points during project implementation and go-live. It also involves development of manuals for user training and other resources as may be required by the post go-live project owners.Ultimately, both client and PMs have a role in what becomes of project documentation. While the PM ensures that those documents serve to provide avenue for assessing project outcomes, client’s understanding of the docume nt is particularly important during and post go-live project phases. Final Report sign-off: – A clear understanding of project documentation following a UAT will bring about another milestone in project close called â€Å"sign-off† where the client formally accept deliverables as installed alongside all the relevant documentations.By this, the client fully takes responsibility of the project and since this is a post go-live situation, the client accepts and sign-off the Project Closure Report which formalizes the closure of the project. The report is however, usually prepared by the Project Manager and presented to the client or project sponsor for sign-off. Post-Implementation Audit – This comes moments after go-live to identify if project goals have been achieved since the new/changes project comes on board.It asses key project goals set at the beginning, durations and resources, value proposition achieved, key learning points and what works (or not worked) si nce go-live. It is an audit because it is undertaken with a view to ensure compliance with set objectives. A post-implementation audit report is delivered as documentary of the project history highlighting key project goals and success factors, project methodologies, risk management strategies, client satisfaction assessment reports, etc.The audit report can serve to re-assure project owners of the benefits of the newly implemented project or it highlights major challenges/exposures of the new system. While the former validates initial project objectives, the later opens up avenues for quick intervention to mitigate losses and value erosion as a result of the new project. Celebrating Success – Part of project close is a ceremonial arrangement to recognise that the project has actually ended. Most go-live activities require elaborate celebrations with souvenirs and adverts to herald the arrival of a new project.In NLNG, projects go-live are celebrated with gift/souvenirs, bonu ses and other incentives to project team members and other relevant parties. Community development projects have cultural dances and other local events to go with. Business Risks Associated with Skipping Project Close-out – Project close out is an essential part of PMLC as it answers the â€Å"how well did you do† question and thus skipping it poses significant exposure to not only the project, but broad business or welfare objectives of client.Non-closure also impacts on the PMs resources and corporate reputation. Key risks associated with non-closure of projects include; ? Increasing tendency for non-implementation of the entire project or failed/part implementation that wont be noticed until a later period ? Absence of client acceptance test may hamper a proper UAT which normally provides the avenue for addressing project gaps ? Improper documentation will eventually affect optimal utilization of project deliverables.Also, absence of user manuals could trigger misus e of project outputs and bring about recurring cost of maintenance ? Absence of project installation and hand-over exposes the project falling into the wrong hands as no proper change management has been put in place. ? Lack of client sign-off exposes both parties to breach of contract and litigations while project teams and sponsors may develop animosity due to accusations, counter-accusations and blame game as project risks manifest. Lack of post-implementation audit may deny the client the benefit of assessing project objectives/targets against actual results post go-live. This entails that all the risks inherent in this new project are assimilated and may not be easily addressed. References 1. Young, M. L. (2010) PM Hut: A Complete Guide to Closing Projects. Available at: http://www. pmhut. com/a-complete-guide-to-closing-projects (Accessed: 20th April, 2013) 2. Wysocki, R. K. (2012) Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme, 4th Edition. Wiley, Indianapolis.

Cost of College Essay

When dropping my sister off at college many thoughts ran through my head. Thinking that she was no longer going to be at home, and that she was beginning a new chapter in her life struck me as odd. In the many thoughts I had, I did not think about how much her new chapter in life was going to cost my family. It did not hit me until we finished moving her into her dorm room and we went to the university book store to pick up her books. This was my first realization of how expensive college is. The costs of all her books for the coming semester came to a total around $500. I could not believe that this was just the beginning. In addition to the cost of books, students are required to pay for room and board, a meal plan, and the tuition. The increasing cost of college is causing many student to stop their education after receiving their high school diploma. According to College Board, â€Å"The average cost of a four year college is $7, 605 per semester. † Once the costs of books, food, room and board have been added into the cost of tuition, the total can be anywhere between nine to eleven thousand dollars. A four-year state college, which is often one’s last resort, cost about nine thousand dollars or more to attend. Unless a student earns an athletic or academic scholarship, college is a very costly investment. Often, students are required to take out multiple loans to help pay for their tuition which can sometimes take up to five years to pay back. As of today, the most expensive college in the United States is Sarah Lawrence College. This private college comes with the hefty price tag of $57,556 per year. Sarah Lawrence is followed by the well known Ivy League school, Columbia University, which costs around â€Å"$43,815 for tuition and fees and another $10,572 for room and board† (Wingfield). With costs like these for an education, college will soon be a privilege for only the elite and wealthy. The amount of money expected to be paid for a college education is outrageous and something needs to be changed. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, â€Å"In 1990 the cost of a four-year public school costs about $8,000 for a year† (Trends in the Cost of College). Now, in 2011, this is the average amount one would pay for a semester. Through the years there has been an obvious rise in the cost of a college education, almost a one hundred percent increase. It seems unreal that in just a little over twenty years the cost of college could grow by such a large margin. In 2012, the University of Missouri-Columbia, also known as Mizzou, is going to escalate the cost of tuition by five percent. This is a four hundred dollar increase per semester from the previous year. If looking at the big picture, Mizzou is receiving eight hundred dollars more per year from each student; multiply that number by the amount of students, and one will see the massive growth in money that Mizzou will be receiving. Now the question arises, was the raise in the tuition really necessary or simply greed? This rise in tuition will cause more people to loose their opportunity to gain a college education because it only becomes harder to afford. If the cost of college were to stay the same or maybe even decrease, more people may try to earn a college degree because they could afford it. Often because of the cost, many do not pursue a college degree and they end up with a lower quality job than those who have completed college. The high and rising cost of a college education is resulting in fewer students enrolling in colleges nationwide, leaving many campuses with fewer students than the years past. If the cost would decrease, more students would apply and in some cases, leave the colleges receiving more money. Because of the high and almost unaffordable cost of college, less working class people are able to afford a college education. Many academically average high school students struggle to afford college because without astounding test scores or a high GPA, they do not receive any academic scholarship. If the cost of college tuition was reduced, many more average students could afford a college education making the United States population a little smarter, and maybe it would have a lower unemployment rate. Works Cited: â€Å"Trends in the Cost of College. † National Center for Education Statistics. U. S. Department of Education,, 2010. Web. 24 Feb 2011. . â€Å"What It Cost to Go to College. † The College Board. The College Board, 2010. Web. 23 Feb 2011. . Wingfield, Brian. â€Å"America’s Most Expensive Colleges and Universities. † Yahoo Finance. Yahoo, 05 Oct 2010. Web. 23 Feb 2011. .

Review of Related Literature of Library System - 1517 Words

Chapter 1 I. Introduction The MPC library is one of the most important sources of information in the education system and the librarian plays a key role in this learning environment. The librarian maintains the book collections of the library as well as other material including: publications, documents and virtual libraries such as audio/video materials. Internet access to virtual sources is also available in the library. All kinds of recorded media are organized by the librarian in an efficient way to assist patrons in locating and obtaining their choice of materials. I. Statement of the Problem After we observe the MPC library, we notice that the library has Lack of books. II. Significance of the study The MPC library should†¦show more content†¦17. Primary sources An original record of events, such as a diary, a newspaper article, a public record, or scientific documentation. 18. Reference A service that helps people find needed information. 19. Reserve materials In academic libraries, materials given a shorter loan period (one-hour, three-hour, overnight, three-day, etc.) for a limited period of time (usually one term or semester) at the request of the instructor, to ensure that all the students enrolled in a course have an opportunity to use them. Items on closed reserve must be used on library premises. 20. Scope In libraries, the range of subjects or fields cover in a catalog, index, abstracting services, bibliographic database, reference work, etc. 21. Secondary sources Materials such as books and journal articles that analyze primary sources. Secondary sources usually provide evaluation or interpretation of data or evidence found in original research or documents such a historical manuscripts or memoirs. 22. Serial Publications such as journals, magazines and newspapers that are generally published multiple times per year, month, or week. Serials usually have number volumes and issues 23. 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